Making essays may seem easy at first glance, but the issue is complicated if you have no practice with its structure or with types of argumentative texts. For this reason, if you do not know how to face it for your TFG, TFM or doctoral thesis, we offer you this source of information. Here we will explain what they are, their characteristics, types, structure, and we will give you sample essays that will serve as inspiration for your academic project.
What is an essay and what is it for?
We can define essays as texts where you must interpret and analyze a concept or idea. In it, as an author, you should always make your point of view on the topic addressed explicit. They can be scientific or literary, and their structure is made up of an introduction, development, and conclusion. Anyway, we’ll explain that later.
The purpose of your essay is to convince or, at least, to make the reader reflect on the point of view that you previously expressed. As we well commented to you, when seeking to convince, it means that they are argumentative texts. This is because, as they are well characterized, they seek to justify their idea. In addition, they are also expository, since they include information related to the topic.
Characteristics of an essay
Among its main characteristics, we can define that an essay:
- It is novel: it must give an important and interesting contribution, possibly new, to the subject of study. It can be objective or subjective, depending on the type of test.
- Contains resources: you have to apply argumentative resources such as quotes, theories, results, and concepts to support your hypothesis and central ideas of the project.
- Its length can vary: there is no standard essay size or length, it can be from a few pages to a complete book.
- Seeks to convince: it is the main objective that you have, if you do not convince, or at least leave the doubt planted in the reader, the essay has not fulfilled its original objective.
- It is structured: the structure of the essay can also vary depending on the type and theme you choose. In general, the structure can be: deduction (presentation and explanation of the hypothesis), description (you only describe the subject) or induction (first the arguments and last the hypothesis).
These characteristics allow you to know, in the second instance, what the essays are also for.
Types of essays
From the start, we can tell you that there are two main types of essays and five that are secondary. Each one presents clearly different characteristics and approaches in their way of trying to convince the reader about what they expose.
Literary essay
In this type of essay, as an author, you will use various literary resources to be able to express your opinions and points of view about it. In addition, you will seek to convince through subjectivity.
Scientific essay
This is the other main type of essay, next to the literary one, and they are totally opposite. It is based on a hypothesis, as new as possible, on a scientific subject and you must argue it objectively.
Descriptive
Descriptive essays specialize in highlighting and describing the main strengths and characteristics of a person, subject, place, event, phenomenon, or object.
Academic-argumentative essay
In this type of essay, what you will do is state a hypothesis and you will support it with good research and solid arguments. You must explain both your point of view as an author and have an objective approach to the project.
Philosophical
It consists of argumentative texts that invite reflection on philosophical issues, examples of this may be: religion, the meaning of life or existence.
Critical essays
In these essays, you issue a critical judgment on a certain topic or a theory. As in most essays, you must use valid arguments to maintain your position.
Expressive
Here you will present information on a chosen topic and its purpose, unlike the vast majority of essays, is not to persuade or convince. This is rather explanatory, since you want your reader to understand the topic that you are communicating.
Structure of an essay
Now if we are going to explain in more detail what the structure of an essay is like. Although you also need to know that the structure can vary depending on the author.
Title: the title cannot be missing in any type of essay and, unlike other structures, it can be a question or statement. It refers to the central theme that is being dealt with.
Introduction: here you will present the topic to be addressed during the essay, together with the hypothesis and the thesis to be developed. In addition, you can include the objectives and the problem that is what gave rise to the hypothesis.
Development: you must explain in a more detailed and technical way what you have expressed in the introduction. It is crucial that the information is hierarchical and organized with titles and subtitles in order to be able to fully understand what is exposed. Your arguments must support the hypothesis.
Conclusion: you can summarize everything exposed in the development as a review and comment on whether or not you have reached the expected results. It can invite reflection and be conclusive or open future lines of investigation.
Essay Examples
Now we will give you examples of essays of various types so that you can understand more in-depth how one can be done and what they consist of.
Examples of essay titles and ideas
These examples contain title, author, and a brief explanation of what it is about.
“Human Understanding” (John Locke): In this essay, John Locke discusses and, in turn, reflects on how knowledge is produced and acquired. Additionally, he proposes a theory that clashes with the hypotheses of René Descartes.
“The Origin of Languages” (Jean-Jacques Rousseau): Rousseau wrote this essay to reflect on the origin, use, and evolution that languages have undergone throughout the history of humanity.
“Sociological Methodology” (Max Weber): Weber’s essays consist of complex and important postulates about sociological theory. In addition, he stops to reflect on issues related to the economy, history, and politics.
Short essay example
Now we will give you an example of a short essay on ecological awareness:
Today almost everyone talks about ecological awareness as something that we must take care of and fundamental for life. It is basically defined as a responsible attitude towards the environment and the resources it possesses. Since of course, humans indiscriminately take resources from the environment without even thinking about giving back in some way.
All of this produces, to a greater or lesser extent, environmental and climatic consequences that the world’s industrial models generate in the medium and long term. All this as a result of beneficial factors and variables for the businessman on duty, such as profitability and exacerbated production. It seeks to install and give rise to ecological cleanliness and sustainability, although certain industrial sectors resist it.
This is due, fundamentally, to a lack of empathy in a large number of human beings who have become accustomed to living in the same way throughout their lives. Mainly speaking of large urban concentrations, large cities with little presence of green. Therefore, the need to cut energy and resource costs is a request for help in the current situation in the world.
Complete essay example
Finally, an example of a longer essay on bullying, or bullying, and how to solve this problem.
Bullying or bullying is a problem that, unfortunately, today is very normalized in educational environments. This harassment, in many cases systematic and persistent, greatly affects the children and youngsters who suffer it.
From the condition to self-esteem, loss of confidence, and even fear of going to school, interacting with other children or more extreme cases such as suicide or attacking the life of the aggressors. This also makes up a huge problem for teachers and parents, since stopping this is very complex and an effective method is rarely found.
Some elements that can help stop or, at least, prevent bullying: the education of the aggressors, the protection of the victim, and the imposition of harsh sanctions for those who harass their peers. This occurs mainly when the abusers are the ones who do not realize that they are causing great harm to the victim. Although in other cases it is known that they do so in order to harm.
Ways to Deal with Offenders and Help Victims
The imposition of harsh punishments can help limit the behavior of abusers. This is because, if they are people who seek to do evil, they only care about them, and the punishments only affect them. In cases of bullying, many or almost all the times, the actions are not taken seriously. If one child hits another, there is usually a reprimand and not much else.
It is very necessary that schools teach that these things cannot be taken so lightly. If it happens in real life, chances are you’ll get arrested or beat up too.
Working with the victim is one of the best ways to also deal with bullying and comfort the person who is being bullied and harassed. Self-esteem drops to unsuspected levels, and it is the job of the teacher, parents, or specialist to try to help it to recover. Teaching self-defense techniques can also be a good strategy in preparing a victim of bullying.
As I said at the beginning, bullying is not taken seriously by many families; they even believe that it is child’s play and they naturalize it. The most important thing is that parents are able to listen to their children in order to help solve this problem. Many times parents do not take their children seriously and even blame them for allowing themselves to be made “jokes” or “jokes” and do not understand what they are really suffering.
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